Serovar Australis replaces serovar Copenhageni as the most common cause of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales, Australia.

Highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in urban Sydney dogs in 2017, and serovar Copenhageni, against which a registered monovalent vaccine is available, was predominant until 2020. This study was conducted to (1) determine serological characteristics of canine leptospirosis in New South Wales (NSW) between 2021 and 2023; (2) describe the geospatial distribution of leptospirosis; and (3) evaluate if clinicopathological abnormalities and outcome differ between the dominant infecting serovars, Copenhageni versus Australis. Cases were identified through referral or direct veterinarian contact and included if clinical and clinicopathological findings confirmed leptospirosis.

Estimating Young Children's Exposure to Food and Beverage Marketing on Mobile Devices.

Background: Food and beverage marketing drives poor diet quality and obesity risk among children. However, it is unknown how much young children are exposed to digital food and beverage marketing on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate how frequently young children, who are particularly vulnerable to advertising, view food and beverage marketing while using mobile devices.

Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose, Crossover Trial of Lovastatin or Minocycline in Fragile X Syndrome.

Treatment studies in knockout rodent models have found that minocycline and lovastatin each improve synaptic, neurological, and behavioral functioning, and open-label chronic dosing studies in human patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have demonstrated modest clinical improvements. Findings from blinded studies are mixed, and there is a limited understanding of electrophysiological target engagement that would facilitate cross-species translational studies. Smaller-scale, acute (e.

Investigations into disease associations with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in lions (Panthera leo) in Australia: a case-control study.

Background: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a highly mutable retrovirus with numerous species-specific strains, such as those infecting domestic cats (Felis catus, FIV) and wild populations of nondomestic cats including lions (Panthera leo, FIV). When FIV infection manifests as disease in domestic cats, common presentations include lymphadenopathy, lymphoid malignancies, oral cavity disease, immunological dysfunctions and neurological abnormalities. In contrast to domestic cats, there has been little published evidence of direct FIV disease associations in lions.

Mutational signature analyses in multi-child families reveal sources of age-related increases in human germline mutations.

Whole-genome sequencing studies of parent-offspring trios have provided valuable insights into the potential impact of de novo mutations (DNMs) on human health and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive DNMs are unclear. Studies with multi-child families can provide important insight into the causes of inter-family variability in DNM rates but they are highly limited.