Ureteric catheterization in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis--an experimental evaluation.

Experimental models of renal infections have been used to determine the accuracy with which the cellular and microbiologic components of ureteric and voided urine reflected the pathologic status of the kidney in pyelonephritis. In acute pyelonephritis, the composition of the ureteric urine reflected the pathologic status of the kidney, although in a few cases ureteric samples were either sterile or cell free. Animals with chronic pyelonephritis in which the lesions were either infected or sterile commonly had sterile ureteric urine.

Antimicrobial agents in the management of urinary tract infection: an experimental evaluation.

Persistent and recurrent infections of the urinary tract are a formidable clinical problem, but several recently developed antibiotics have properties that suggest an increased ability to eradicate such infections. Three of the new-generation antibiotics were compared with established agents by using animal models of urinary tract infection. Of the antibiotics tested, gentamicin and ceftriaxone alone were capable of eradicating infection from acute and chronically infected kidney tissue.

Host defence mechanisms in the bladder. II. Disruption of the layer of mucus.

The urinary bladder wall is lined by a layer of mucus which is believed to provide an important barrier to bacterial invasion of the urinary tract. Abnormal function of this protective layer could therefore be a factor predisposing the host to urinary tract infection (UTI). This study investigated the contribution of the bladder mucus to host defence in both acute and chronic lower UTI, using a non-obstructive animal model of infection which reproduces many features of the disease in man.

An animal model for chronic infection of the unobstructed urinary tract.

Chronic cystitis due to Escherichia coli is frequently associated with anatomical or functional abnormalities of the lower urinary tract, but there is no satisfactory animal model available to help resolve biological and management problems. We have induced chronic infection of the unobstructed urinary tract in the rat by implanting a small polyurethane sponge into the dome of the bladder, 14 days before bacterial challenge. This manipulation provides a focus of infected urine and leads to the establishment of a chronic cystitis.