Cell non-autonomous signaling through the conserved C. elegans glycoprotein hormone receptor FSHR-1 regulates cholinergic neurotransmission.

Modulation of neurotransmission is key for organismal responses to varying physiological contexts such as during infection, injury, or other stresses, as well as in learning and memory and for sensory adaptation. Roles for cell autonomous neuromodulatory mechanisms in these processes have been well described. The importance of cell non-autonomous pathways for inter-tissue signaling, such as gut-to-brain or glia-to-neuron, has emerged more recently, but the cellular mechanisms mediating such regulation remain comparatively unexplored.

Cell non-autonomous signaling through the conserved glycopeptide hormone receptor FSHR-1 regulates cholinergic neurotransmission.

Modulation of neurotransmission is key for organismal responses to varying physiological contexts such as during infection, injury, or other stresses, as well as in learning and memory and for sensory adaptation. Roles for cell autonomous neuromodulatory mechanisms in these processes have been well described. The importance of cell non-autonomous pathways for inter-tissue signaling, such as gut-to-brain or glia-to-neuron, has emerged more recently, but the cellular mechanisms mediating such regulation remain comparatively unexplored.

[Continuous flow ventilatory support with multijet insufflation catheter. Initial clinical experience].

Background: Clinical application of continuous flow ventilatory support with multijet insufflation catheter is not mentioned in the literature until now. Despite the use of various forms of ventilatory support, in 10-30% of patients disweaning from mechanical ventilation is unsuccessful even if they fulfil clinical and biochemical criteria.

Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of a new ventilatory support continuous flow ventilatory support with multijet insufflation catheter--in clinical conditions.

[Continuous flow ventilatory support using a multijet insufflation catheter. Physical, mathematical and clinical prerequisites and principles].

The authors present theoretical principles of a new ventilatory support continuous flow ventilatory support (CFVS) with multijet insufflation catheter (MIC). Theoretical part of the presented work reasons the need of this type of ventilatory support and explains basic mathematical and physiologic principles of described mechanical ventilation method and reveals the advantages of continuous flow ventilatory support with multijet insufflation catheter in comparison with terminal eye catheter. Physical and mathematical analysis on a model of lungs in static and dynamic conditions revealed that the difference in the value of maximal inspiratory pressure is significantly higher in the system with terminal eye catheter and confirmed that the CFVS application with multijet insufflation catheter is connected with minimal risk of barotrauma by gas flow up to 20-26 l/min.

Changing risks in tuberculosis.

Past and present experience with tuberculosis in New York State exclusive of New York City is presented. TB has been on the decline since the turn of the century and reached an all-time low in 1974 with only 844 new active cases and 137 deaths reported. Although incidence rates are highest among the poor, the bulk of cases come from middle and upper socioeconomic levels.