Design Rule of Tetradentate Ligand-Based Pt(II) Complex for Efficient Singlet Exciton Harvesting in Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Controlling intermolecular interactions, such as triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet-polaron annihilation (TPA), is crucial for achieving high quantum efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by suppressing exciton loss. This study investigates the molecular design of tetradentate Pt(II) complexes used for singlet exciton harvesting in fluorescent OLEDs to elucidate the relationship between the chemical structure of the ligands and exciton quenching mechanisms. It was discovered that the bulkiness of substituents is pivotal for maximizing quantum efficiency in these devices.

An Investigation of the Status of Commercial Meat Analogs and Their Ingredients: Worldwide and South Korea.

Meat analogs are a burgeoning industry, with plant-based meat analogs, insect-based meat analogs, algae-based meat analogs, mycoprotein-based meat analogs, and cell-based meat analogs. However, despite the industry's growth potential, market expansion faces hurdles due to taste and quality disparities compared to traditional meats. The composition and characteristics of meat analogs currently available in the market are analyzed in this study to inform the development of future products in this sector.

Environmental Impact of Meat Protein Substitutes: A Mini-Review.

The expansion of alternative food industries, including cultured meat, is often promoted as a strategy to reduce environmental pollution, particularly greenhouse gas emissions. However, comprehensive data on the environmental impacts of these industries remains limited. This study examines the environmental impacts of traditional meat and meat substitute production, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Cutting-Edge Technologies of Meat Analogs: A Review.

This study was conducted to investigate the recent research trends of alternative protein foods being developed to replace traditional livestock foods and thus determine the current state of the technology and the potential for industrialization. The results of this study showed that the technology related to cultured meat has not yet reached industrialization. However, serum-free media development, technologies to improve culture efficiency, and technologies to improve taste and flavor are being researched.

South Korea's healthcare expenditure: a comprehensive study of public and private spending across health conditions, demographics, and payer types (2011-2020).

Background: South Korea has witnessed a rapid increase in health expenditure, reaching USD 135 billion in 2021 and accounting for 9.3% of its GDP, surpassing the OECD average. Despite achieving universal health coverage, significant gaps remain in service coverage, leading to high out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses that expose households to financial burdens.