Detection of Hyponatremia Development in Hemodialysis Patients by Routine Automated Conductivity-Based Monitoring.

Predialytic hyponatremia is associated with poor outcome in hemodialysis patients. Hypotonic hyponatremia is the most frequently encountered disorder reflecting mixed disorders combining extracellular fluid overload and free water excess, resulting from the interplay of intermittency of dialysis and diet observance, and likely precipitated by an acute or subacute illness. In this context, hyponatremia requires to be detected and worked up to identify and cure the cause.

Influence of nitric oxide on renal function in toxic acute renal failure in the rat.

Besides other mechanisms, nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in maintaining the high renal blood flow (RBF) and is also involved in the regulation of glomerular hemodynamics and contractility of mesangial cells. We examined the hypothesis that L-arginine-derived NO exerts beneficial effects in toxic acute renal failure (ARF) in the rat. To induce ARF uranyl nitrate (UN) was given intravenously as a bolus injection (25 mg/kg over 5 min) following a basal period.

[The Gitelman syndrome--a differential diagnosis of Bartter syndrome].

Background: Hypokalemia due to renal potassium wasting in the absence of hypertension, moderate metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninism and hyperaldosteronism suggest the presence of Bartter's syndrome. The underlying cause is an inherited defect of sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle. A differential diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome is Gitelman's syndrome, another hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia syndrome, which is thought to be caused by a transport defect in the distal tube.

Hypertension as cause and consequence of renal disease in the 19th century.

The pioneering work of Richard Bright, who introduced the concept of the renal origin of cardiovascular disease, initiated the continuous unfolding of knowledge on renal disease and its close interrelationship with arterial hypertension in the 19th century. Hypertension as a clinically and pathologically defined entity, however, was not established. The partial elucidation of the problem that the diseased kidney was sometimes the cause and sometimes the consequence of elevated blood pressure is not only fascinating but also remarkable, given the crude techniques available to physicians at that time.

Atypical hyperplasia: frequency and mammographic and pathologic relationships in excisional biopsies guided with mammography and clinical examination.

Purpose: To ascertain the frequency and pathologic relationships of atypical hyperplasia in biopsy specimens obtained after clinical and mammographic examination.

Materials And Methods: Clinical, mammographic, and histologic findings were prospectively correlated in 300 consecutive excisional biopsies.

Results: Atypical hyperplasia was detected in 26 (17%) of 154 biopsies with benign findings and 19 (13%) of 146 biopsies with malignant findings overall (P > .