Explainable unsupervised anomaly detection for healthcare insurance data.

Background: Waste and fraud are important problems for health insurers to deal with. With the advent of big data, these insurers are looking more and more towards data mining and machine learning methods to help in detecting waste and fraud. However, labeled data is costly and difficult to acquire as it requires expert investigators and known care providers with atypical behavior.

Hypothalamic atrophy in primary lateral sclerosis, assessed by convolutional neural network-based automatic segmentation.

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a motor neuron disease (MND) which mainly affects upper motor neurons. Within the MND spectrum, PLS is much more slowly progressive than amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS). `Classical` ALS is characterized by catabolism and abnormal energy metabolism preceding onset of motor symptoms, and previous studies indicated that the disease progression of ALS involves hypothalamic atrophy.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fasudil in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ROCK-ALS): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Fasudil is a small molecule inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and is approved for the treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage. In preclinical studies, fasudil has been shown to attenuate neurodegeneration, modulate neuroinflammation, and foster axonal regeneration. We aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fasudil in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Pattern of pareses in 5q-spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: This prospective study investigates the pattern of pareses in 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to identify disease-specific characteristics and potential differences from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Detailed knowledge about pareses patterns in SMA facilitates differential diagnosis and supports therapeutic monitoring.

Methods: Between January 2021, and June 2021, 66 SMA patients (59.