Confined spaces in space: Cerebral implications of chronic elevations of inspired carbon dioxide and implications for long-duration space travel.

Cerebrovascular regulation is critically dependent upon the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( ), owing to its effect on cerebral blood flow, tissue , tissue proton concentration, cerebral metabolism and cognitive and neuronal function. In normal environments and in the absence of pathology, at least over acute time frames, hypercapnia is usually managed readily via the respiratory chemoreflex arcs and/or acid-base buffering capacity, such that there is minimal impact on cerebrovascular and neurological function. However, in non-normal environments, such as enclosed spaces, or with pathology, extended exposures to elevations in can be detrimental to cerebral health.

Post-transcriptional modifications on tRNA fragments confer functional changes to high-density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis.

Epitranscriptomic modifications on RNA play critical roles in stability, processing, and function, partly by influencing interactions with RNA-binding proteins and receptors. The role of post-transcriptional RNA modifications on cell-free non-coding small RNA (sRNA) remains poorly understood in disease contexts. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), which transport sRNAs, can lose their beneficial properties in atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

A Comparison of Throwing Arm Kinetics and Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitchers with the Fastest Maximum Joint and Segment Velocities.

Background: Significant associations have been established among individual maximum joint and segment velocities with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in baseball.

Purpose: Investigate how pitches with the fastest maximum joint and segment velocities, in both ideal and non-ideal sequence order, may impact ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in professional baseball pitchers.

Methods: Professional(n=338) pitchers threw 8-12 fastball pitches while evaluated with 3D-motion capture (480 Hz).

Ictal SPECT Imaging Findings in Parkinson's Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is an established prodrome and symptom of synucleinopathies. The pathophysiology of this disorder has been well studied but there is a lack of functional imaging data to illustrate the dysfunction in vivo.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the functional changes of RBD, by performing ictal REM sleep SPECT, comparing subjects with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and evidence of RBD to subjects with PD and no RBD.

The Primacy of Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Plasma Lipidome in Cardiometabolic Disease in Persons With HIV.

Background: Persons with HIV (PWH) on contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at elevated risk for developing age-related cardiometabolic diseases. We hypothesized that integrative analysis of cross-tissue, multimodal data from PWH could provide insight into molecular programming that defines cardiometabolic phenotypes in this high-risk group.

Methods: We enrolled 93 PWH without diabetes who were virologically suppressed on contemporary ART and obtained measures of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and adiposity.