[High altitude retinopathy: report of 3 cases].

Purpose: To report three cases of vision loss occurring at high altitude.

Observations: Three patients aged 27 to 52 years presented with scotoma and/or visual acuity deficit upon their return from high altitude expeditions above 6000 m. Fundus examination revealed multiple posterior pole hemorrhages, resolving completely by two months.

[Ocular phototoxicity and altitude among mountain guides].

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate ocular phototoxicity in mountaineer guides who experience overexposure to ultraviolet related to the altitude at which they work, as well as light reflection on snow.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six guides and 90 controls living in plains, over 50 years old, underwent complete examinations. They responded to a questionnaire assessing altitude exposure and protective eyewear.

NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production: subcellular localization and reassessment of its role in plant defense.

Chemiluminescence detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered in tobacco BY-2 cells by the fungal elicitor cryptogein was previously demonstrated to be abolished in cells transformed with an antisense construct of the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, NtrbohD. Here, using electron microscopy, it has been confirmed that the first hydrogen peroxide production occurring a few minutes after challenge of tobacco cells with cryptogein is plasma membrane located and NtrbohD mediated. Furthermore, the presence of NtrbohD in detergent-resistant membrane fractions could be associated with the presence of NtrbohD-mediated hydrogen peroxide patches along the plasma membrane.

Cytological Characterization of Elicitin-Induced Protection in Tobacco Plants Infected by Phytophthora parasitica or Phytoplasma.

ABSTRACT Elicitins, small proteins secreted by Phytophthora and Pythium spp., display the ability to induce plant resistance toward pathogens. Ultrastructural investigations of cryptogein-treated tobacco plants evidenced host defense responses such as (i) formation of a calcium pectate gel in intercellular spaces of parenchymas, (ii) impregnation of pectin by phenolic compounds in intercellular spaces of phloem bundles, and (iii) accumulation of phloem proteins (P proteins) in the lumen of leaf sieve elements.

Defense Responses in Grapevine Leaves Against Botrytis cinerea Induced by Application of a Pythium oligandrum Strain or Its Elicitin, Oligandrin, to Roots.

ABSTRACT Pythium oligandrum is known to display antagonistic activities against several species of pathogenic fungi. It also produces an elicitor of plant defense named oligandrin, which belongs to the elicitin family (10-kDa proteins synthesized by Phytophthora and Pythium species). Here, the potential of P.