Double-decker cage reduces mount frequency and ejaculation latency, resulting in reduced weight loss in male rats after mating behavior.

Rats were the first mammals to be domesticated for scientific research, and abundant physiological data are available on them. Rats are expected to continue to play an important role as experimental animals, especially with advancements such as CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Environmental enrichment aims to promote species-specific behaviors and psychological well-being.

Integration of B-to-B trade network models of structural evolution and monetary flows reproducing all major empirical laws.

We develop a single two-layered model framework that captures and replicates both the statistical properties of the network as well as those of the intrinsic quantities of the agents. Our model framework consists of two distinct yet connected elements that were previously only studied in isolation, namely methods related to temporal network structures and those associated with money transport flows. Within this context, the network structure emerges from the first layer and its topological structure is transferred to the second layer associated with the money transactions.

Epigenetic Control of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas.

Introduction: Studies addressing the methylation pattern in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) are lacking.

Objective: To identify methylation signatures in ACPs regarding clinical presentation and outcome.

Methods: Clinical and pathology data were collected from 35 patients with ACP (54% male; 18.

Integrating Methylome and Transcriptome Signatures Expands the Molecular Classification of the Pituitary Tumors.

Objective: To explore pituitary tumors by methylome and transcriptome signatures in a heterogeneous ethnic population.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, clinicopathological features, methylome, and transcriptome were evaluated in pituitary tumors from 77 patients (61% women, age 12-72 years) followed due to functioning (FPT: GH-secreting n = 18, ACTH-secreting n = 14) and nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NFPT, n = 45) at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.

Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (UHCA) of methylome (n = 77) and transcriptome (n = 65 out of 77) revealed 3 clusters each: one enriched by FPT, one by NFPT, and a third by ACTH-secreting and NFPT.