Publications by authors named "J Overbaugh"
The recurring spillover of pathogenic coronaviruses and demonstrated capacity of sarbecoviruses, such SARS-CoV-2, to rapidly evolve in humans underscores the need to better understand immune responses to this virus family. For this purpose, we characterized the functional breadth and potency of antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein that exhibited cross-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, SARS-CoV-1 and sarbecoviruses from diverse clades and animal origins with spillover potential. One neutralizing antibody, C68.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection involves a selection bottleneck that leads to transmission of one or a few variants. C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) can act as coreceptors for HIV-1 viral entry. However, initial infection mostly occurs via CCR5, despite abundant expression of CXCR4 on target cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Identifying determinants of longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) can inform clinical strategies and mechanisms of nonadherence among children.
Methods: Children under 12 months old who were newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled in the Optimizing Pediatric HIV therapy cohort (NCT00428116) from 2007 to 2010. Children initiated antiretroviral therapy at enrollment, and VL was assessed every 3 months for 24 months post-antiretroviral therapy and every 6 months thereafter up to 8 years old.
Background: Sexual violence (SV) increases human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) susceptibility in a sustained manner. This study evaluated genital cytokines and colposcopy findings in women reporting both recent and more remote SV.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-1 negative Kenyan women who engage in sex work was performed.
Article Synopsis
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus has evolved to evade immune responses created by vaccines and previous infections, particularly through mutations in the spike protein's receptor binding domain.
- Researchers identified a group of S2 mAbs from convalescent individuals that target various regions in the spike protein, including one powerful mAb, C20.119, which effectively neutralizes multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- Some mAbs displayed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and targeted regions of the spike protein that could lead to effective treatments, suggesting potential for developing new therapies for future pandemics.