Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Presenting with Smoldering Limbic Encephalitis.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a steroid-responsive autoimmune encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis. We herein report a case of HE manifesting "smoldering" limbic encephalitis with persisting symptoms and abnormalities on examinations. Although our patient experienced partial clinical remission after treatment, hippocampal hypermetabolism on [F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and subclinical seizures on video electroencephalography persisted.

Effects of mental rotation on acalculia: differences in the direction of mental rotation account for the differing characteristics of acalculia induced by right and left hemispheric brain injury.

We observed a 59-year-old right-handed man with an infarction in his right-middle cerebral artery that included the parietal lobe, who abnormally manipulated mental images in the horizontal direction, resulting in calculation disturbances. Three years later, the patient suffered an infarction in the left parietal lobe and displayed abnormalities during the creation of mental images; i.e.

Linear deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components on the dura in normal pressure hydrocephalus complicating systemic lupus erythematosus.

We present a case of normal pressure hydrocephalus in a 70-year-old man with previously diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Histological examination demonstrated the linear deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, C(3) and C(1q) on the dura in the absence of inflammation or thrombosis that has previously been implicated in the aetiology of elevated pressure hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that the deposition of immunoglobulins and complement may play a pivotal role in an insidious manner in the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Characterization of complex chromosomal abnormalities in B-cell lymphoma by a combined spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a 14q telomere probe.

We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of unknown origin with invasion into bone marrow and brain. This case showed complex chromosomal abnormalities, including five clonal marker chromosomes (mar) and four additional materials of unknown origin (add) that could not be identified by means of conventional G-banding. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) analysis could not only determine the origin and organization of all thus far unidentified structural chromosomal abnormalities but also detect two cryptic unbalanced translocations, which had been erroneously considered to be normal on the basis of G-banding analysis, and correct one abnormality misidentified by G banding.

Medial medullary infarction: analyses of eleven patients.

Of 2,130 consecutive patients admitted to two hospitals with acute brain infarction, we examined 11 patients (0.52%) with medial medullary infarction. The infarcts documented by MRI were unilateral in 9 patients and bilateral in 2 patients, and located in the anteromedial arterial territory of the upper or middle part of the medulla.