Candidate genes for mastitis resistance in dairy cattle: a data integration approach.

Background: Inflammation of the mammary tissue (mastitis) is one of the most detrimental health conditions in dairy ruminants and is considered the most economically important infectious disease of the dairy sector. Improving mastitis resistance is becoming an important goal in dairy ruminant breeding programmes. However, mastitis resistance is a complex trait and identification of mastitis-associated alleles in livestock is difficult.

Differential Gene Expression Induced by Different TLR Agonists in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells Is Modulated by CRISPR Activation of TLR10.

Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) is the only member of the TLR family whose function and ligand have not been clearly described. Literature reports on its function are contradictory and suggest a possible immunomodulatory role that depends on the cell type, the pathogen, and the level of TLR10 expression. To investigate the regulatory role of TLR10 in A549 lung epithelial cells, we overexpressed using CRISPRa technology and examined the differential expression of various genes involved in TLR signaling activated by different TLR ligands, namely dsRNA, LPS, and Pam3Cys.

CRISPRa-mediated gene upregulation in mammalian cells.

Background: Forkhead box P3 ( ) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of lymphocytes, critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations of the gene in animal models and humans results in loss of differentiation potential into Treg cells and are responsible for several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Strategies of increasing expression represent a potential approach to increase the pool of Tregs within the lymphocyte population and may be employed in therapies of diverse autoimmune conditions.

polymorphism (rs650082970) is associated with somatic cell count in goat milk.

Pathogens invading the mammary gland are recognized through a range of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), residing on the plasma membrane of mammary epithelial cells. Toll-like receptor 2 () signalling is responsible for recognition of Gram-positive bacteria, which are the most common mastitis-causing pathogens in goats. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk are routinely determined in goat dairy flocks and serve as an indicator of milk quality, which is highly correlated to intramammary infections.