Substituted anilides from chitin-based 3-acetamido-furfural.

The synthesis of aromatic compounds from biomass-derived furans is a key strategy in the pursuit of a sustainable economy. Within this field, a Diels-Alder/aromatization cascade reaction with chitin-based furans is emerging as a powerful tool for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing aromatics. In this study we present the conversion of chitin-based 3-acetamido-furfural (3A5F) into an array of di- and tri-substituted anilides in good to high yields (62-90%) a hydrazone mediated Diels-Alder/aromatization sequence.

Iron Tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine-Catalyzed Starch Oxidation Using HO: Interplay between Catalyst Activity, Selectivity, and Stability.

Oxidized starch can be efficiently prepared using HO as an oxidant and iron(III) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (FePcS) as a catalyst, with properties in the same range as those for commercial oxidized starches prepared using NaOCl. Herein, we performed an in-depth study on the oxidation of potato starch focusing on the mode of operation of this green catalytic system and its fate as the reaction progresses. At optimum batch reaction conditions (HO/FePcS molar ratio of 6000, 50 °C, and pH 10), a high product yield (91 wt %) was obtained with substantial degrees of substitution (DS of 1.

Spin-Crossover in a Pseudo-tetrahedral Bis(formazanate) Iron Complex.

Spin-crossover in a pseudo-tetrahedral bis(formazanate) iron(II) complex (1) is described. Structural, magnetic, and spectroscopic analyses indicate that this compound undergoes thermal switching between an S=0 and an S=2 state, which is very rare in four-coordinate complexes. The transition to the high-spin state is accompanied by an increase in Fe-N bond lengths and a concomitant contraction of intraligand N-N bonds.

[Missed malignant melanoma: legal considerations].

Malignant melanoma may be missed both clinically and histopathologically. The appearance of metastases after local excision of a skin lesion which was not recognized as melanoma indicates a diagnostic error. In a lawsuit three things have to be proven: that the doctor has behaved negligently, that the patient has been damaged and that there is a causal relation between the two.

Validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of nonsentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy: validation of the MSKCC breast nomogram.

Background: Completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains the standard of care for patients with disease-positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). However, approximately two-thirds will have no additional disease-positive nodes. To identify the patient's individual risk for non-SLN metastases, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) developed a nomogram.