Publications by authors named "J O Olobo"
Treatment regimens for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) are usually extrapolated from those for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), but drug pharmacokinetics (PK) can differ due to disease-specific variations in absorption, distribution, and elimination. This study characterized PK differences in paromomycin and miltefosine between 109 PKDL and 264 VL patients from Eastern Africa. VL patients showed 0.
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- Cryptococcal meningitis is a significant cause of mortality in individuals with late-stage HIV, and the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses and leukocyte infiltration's impact on survival is being studied.
- A study involving 401 adults in Uganda showed that those with a higher CSF leukocyte count (≥50/μL) had a 68% survival rate at 18 weeks, compared to 52% for those with lower counts, indicating that immune response is critical for survival.
- Increased survival correlates with elevated levels of specific immune markers, including T helper cytokines and certain chemokines, suggesting that a robust immune response in CSF is vital for improving outcomes in patients with HIV
Background: With the current treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), recrudescence of the parasite is seen in a proportion of patients. Understanding parasite dynamics is crucial to improving treatment efficacy and predicting patient relapse in cases of VL. This study aimed to characterize the kinetics of circulating Leishmania parasites in the blood, during and after different antileishmanial therapies, and to find predictors for clinical relapse of disease.
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- Survival rates for women with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis are lower than for men, despite the use of antifungal drugs, highlighting gender disparities in treatment outcomes.
- Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed different neuroimmune signatures between survivors and non-survivors, with specific cytokines and chemokines indicating potential pathways for tailored therapies.
- The study found that female survivors had elevated levels of key chemokines and cytokines compared to those who died, while male survivors showed different immune profile changes, suggesting the need for gender-based approaches in treatment.
Objectives: To improve visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment in Eastern Africa, 14- and 28-day combination regimens of paromomycin plus allometrically dosed miltefosine were evaluated. As the majority of patients affected by VL are children, adequate paediatric exposure to miltefosine and paromomycin is key to ensuring good treatment response.
Methods: Pharmacokinetic data were collected in a multicentre randomized controlled trial in VL patients from Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda.