Publications by authors named "J Nyangao"
Background: Kenya introduced a monovalent rotavirus vaccine administered orally at 6 and 10 weeks of age into her National Immunization Program in July 2014. The study evaluated the long-term impact of the vaccine on hospitalization for all-cause and rotavirus-specific acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and strain epidemiology in Kenya.
Methods: Data on all-cause and rotavirus-specific AGE and strain distribution were derived from an eleven-year hospital-based surveillance of AGE among children aged <5 years at Kiambu County Teaching and Referral Hospital (KCTRH) in Central Kenya between 2009 and 2020.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines rotavirus A's genetic characteristics in children with gastroenteritis at Kericho County Referral Hospital, with a focus on regions highly affected by mortality due to the virus, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
- A total of 200 stool samples were analyzed, revealing a rotavirus prevalence of 11.5%, predominantly among children with guardians who had secondary education and those aged 21-30 months.
- The G3 genotype was most common among the rotavirus strains identified, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and potential updates to vaccines to include emerging strains.
Article Synopsis
- Human G4P[6] rotavirus strains have been found in patients with diarrhea worldwide, but only one strain from Africa has been fully sequenced so far.
- In this study, researchers characterized a unique G4P[6] strain from a Kenyan child, identifying its genome as having significant porcine origins due to interspecies transmission.
- This is the first complete genome analysis of a human G4P[6] strain in East Africa, highlighting the genetic diversity and origins of these rotaviruses in the region.
Article Synopsis
- Rotaviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and a monovalent vaccine (Rotarix) was introduced in Kenya in 2014 to combat this issue, but no studies have been done to analyze the circulating genotypes post-vaccination.* -
- This study collected stool samples from vaccinated children under 5 with diarrhea in Nairobi County to determine the prevalence and types of rotavirus genotypes since the vaccine's introduction.* -
- Results showed a shift in rotavirus strains; while G1P[8] dominance decreased, G2P[4] and G9P[8] genotypes increased, indicating a change in strain diversity and underscoring the need for ongoing
Aims: This study compared the bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) and standard WHO two-phase separation methods for poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, examined factors impacting PV detection and monitored Sabin-like (SL) PV type 2 presence with withdrawal of oral polio vaccine type 2 (OPV2) in April 2016.
Methods And Results: Environmental samples were collected in Nairobi, Kenya (Sept 2015-Feb 2017), concentrated via BMFS and two-phase separation methods, then assayed using the WHO PV isolation algorithm and intratypic differentiation diagnostic screening kit. SL1, SL2 and SL3 were detected at higher rates in BMFS than two-phase samples (P < 0·05).