Snake Venom Pharmacokinetics and Acute Toxic Outcomes Following Envenoming: Experimental and Clinical Correlations.

An understanding of snake venom pharmacokinetics is essential for determining clinical outcomes of envenoming and developing therapeutic approaches to the treatment of envenoming, especially regarding the timing and optimal dosage of antivenom administration. (Eastern Russell's viper) envenoming causes systemic coagulopathy and severe hemorrhage including acute kidney injury. These toxic outcomes can be diminished by the administration of high quantities of Russell's viper antivenom.

Behavioral and hormonal responses in the defensive repertoire during provocation in captive monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia).

The hooding behavior exhibited by cobras is a distinct defensive mechanism against predators, encompassing both visual and auditory displays. This behavior can be triggered by natural predators or humans. Considering that human provocation may potentially stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the present study aimed to determine the pattern of the HPA axis response following human provocation-induced hooding behavior (PV) and provide a detailed analysis of the behavioral PV displays.

Hydrogen peroxide from L-amino acid oxidase of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom attenuates Pseudomonas biofilms.

Because of the high incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms-related nosocomial infections, venoms from common Thai snakes were tested. Although venoms from king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah; OH) and green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) showed the broadest antibacterial spectrum, OH venom demonstrated more profound anti-biofilm activities against P. aeruginosa.

Proteomics and immunocharacterization of Asian mountain pit viper (Ovophis monticola) venom.

The venomic profile of Asian mountain pit viper Ovophis monticola is clarified in the present study. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, 247 different proteins were identified in crude venom of O. monticola found in Thailand.

Local inflammatory mediators alterations induced by venom.

The ability of Russell's viper () venom (total RVV) and phospholipase A (purified PLA) to induce the local pathological effects were investigated by the local inflammatory events and the release of inflammatory mediators. Both 0.5 μg of total RVV/mouse and 0.