An Investigation of the Indentation Elastic Modulus for Metal Films on Flexible Substrates Considering the Substrate Effect.

The accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of thin metal films on flexible substrates is critical for understanding the mechanical reliability of flexible electronics. However, conventional methods, such as the Oliver-Pharr model, often underestimate the modulus due to substrate effects, particularly with low-modulus substrates like polyimide (PI). In this study, we propose an improved weighting model that replaces the empirical weighting factor with a variable X to better account for substrate contributions.

Factors Affecting Chlorinated Product Formation from Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach and Limonene Reactions in the Gas Phase.

During use of sodium hypochlorite bleach, gas-phase hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chlorine (Cl) are released, which can react with organic compounds present in indoor air. Reactivity between HOCl/Cl and limonene, a common constituent of indoor air, has been observed. The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical species generated from gas-phase reactions between HOCl/Cl and limonene.

Microbiome Structures and Beneficial Bacteria in Soybean Roots Under Field Conditions of Prolonged High Temperatures and Drought Stress.

Drought stress has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, affecting key crops such as soybeans, the second most widely cultivated crop in the United States. Endophytic and rhizospheric microbial diversity analyses were conducted with soybean plants cultivated during the 2023 growing season amid extreme weather conditions of prolonged high temperatures and drought in Louisiana. Specifically, surviving and non-surviving soybean plants were collected from two plots of a Louisiana soybean field severely damaged by extreme heat and drought conditions in 2023.

Myo-inositol improves developmental competence and reduces oxidative stress in porcine parthenogenetic embryos.

Objective: Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), the most abundant form of inositol, is an antioxidant and plays a crucial role in the development and reproduction of mammals and humans. However, information elucidating the role of Myo-Ins in porcine embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) is still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Myo-Ins on porcine embryos and its underlying mechanisms.