[Perineal risk and obstetrical protection: A survey with birth professionals].

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the practices declared by birth professionals in the Lorraine region about perineal obstetric protection (any perineal tear combined). The secondary objective was to evaluate prevention measures performed in practice by birth professionals according to the perineal risk subjectively estimated for each obstetric situation.

Methods: This is a practice survey conducted through an anonymous questionnaire distributed to birth professionals (gynecologists, interns, midwife and midwife student) in October 2016.

[Implantable defibrillator using epicardial and endocardial leads. Results of 36 implantations].

The authors report their experience of implantable defibrillators over a 5 year period. Between February 1988 and July 1992, 36 patients (25 men, 11 women, average age 51 +/- 11 years, range 18 +/- 71 years) underwent implantation of an automatic defibrillator with epicardial (n = 13, Group I) or endocardial leads (n = 23, Group II) without patch electrodes (n = 7), with subcutaneous patch electrodes (n = 12) or epicardial patch electrodes (n = 4). Three serious early complications were observed: 2 cardiogenic shocks in Group I, one of which died on Day 1 and one case of infection which required explanation of the defibrillator on Day 23 in Group II.