Cell shape modulates mitotic spindle positioning forces via intracellular hydrodynamics.

The regulation of mitotic spindle positioning and orientation is central to the morphogenesis of developing embryos and tissues. In many multicellular contexts, cell geometry has been shown to have a major influence on spindle positioning, with spindles that commonly align along the longest cell shape axis. To date, however, we still lack an understanding of how the nature and amplitude of intracellular forces that position, orient, or hold mitotic spindles depend on cell geometry.

An interkinetic envelope surrounds chromosomes between meiosis I and II in C. elegans oocytes.

At the end of cell division, the nuclear envelope reassembles around the decondensing chromosomes. Female meiosis culminates in two consecutive cell divisions of the oocyte, meiosis I and II, which are separated by a brief transition phase known as interkinesis. Due to the absence of chromosome decondensation and the suppression of genome replication during interkinesis, it has been widely assumed that the nuclear envelope does not reassemble between meiosis I and II.

Comparative analysis of the duodenojejunal microbiome with the oral and fecal microbiomes reveals its stronger association with obesity and nutrition.

The intestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as a crucial player in the development and maintenance of various chronic conditions, including obesity and associated metabolic diseases. While most research focuses on the fecal microbiota due to its easier accessibility, the small intestine, as a major site for nutrient sensing and absorption, warrants further investigation to determine its microbiota composition and functions. Here, we conducted a clinical research project in 30 age- and sex-matched participants with ( = 15) and without ( = 15) obesity.