Cognitive and Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer's Disease-related Biomarker Trajectories in Older Surgical Patients and Matched Nonsurgical Controls.

Background: Anesthesia and/or surgery accelerate Alzheimer's disease pathology and cause memory deficits in animal models, yet there is a lack of prospective data comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease-related biomarker and cognitive trajectories in older adults who underwent surgery versus those who have not. Thus, the objective here was to better understand whether anesthesia and/or surgery contribute to cognitive decline or an acceleration of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in older adults.

Methods: The authors enrolled 140 patients 60 yr or older undergoing major nonneurologic surgery and 51 nonsurgical controls via strata-based matching on age, sex, and years of education.

Biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer after primary definitive therapy: treatment based on risk stratification.

Background: Nearly one-third of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary definitive treatment. BCR increases the risk of distant metastasis and mortality in patients with prognostically unfavorable features. These patients are best managed with a tailored treatment strategy incorporating risk stratification using clinicopathological factors, next-generation imaging, and genomic testing.