Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma in a Patient With No Known History of Uterine Leiomyomas.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare medical condition characterized by metastasis of fibroid tissue from uterine leiomyomas to other areas of the body, most commonly the lungs. While BML is mostly prevalent in women with a prior history of uterine leiomyomas who underwent surgical intervention, this case report explores the case of a 50-year-old female who was diagnosed with pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) with no prior history of confirmed leiomyomas. After initially presenting with worsening cough and congestion, chest radiograph and computed tomography revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, initially raising concerns for malignancy.

Diagnosis of thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor in cytology.

Introduction: Although alterations in SMARCA4-deficient occur in non-small cell lung carcinoma (SD-NSCLC), thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (TSDUT) is recognized as a distinct entity in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Thoracic Tumors because of unique morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular features, and worse survival compared with SD-NSCLC. Cytologic diagnosis of TSDUT is clinically important because of its aggressive behavior and because it is often diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration because TSDUTs are usually unresectable at presentation. Here, we identify cytologic features that can be used for recognition of TSDUT and distinction from SD-NSCLC.

Sarcomas of the mediastinum with epithelioid morphology.

While soft tissue sarcomas typically have a spindled or pleomorphic appearance, a subset of malignant soft tissue neoplasms can have a prominent epithelioid morphology. In complex anatomic sites such as the mediastinum, such tumors can often be mistaken for a carcinoma or mesothelioma. Frequent expression of cytokeratin staining can further confound the diagnostic process and familiarity with these entities can help prevent an erroneous diagnosis.

Immune biomarkers and response to checkpoint inhibition of BRAF and BRAF non-V600 altered lung cancers.

Background: While 2-4% of lung cancers possess alterations in BRAF, little is known about the immune responsiveness of these tumours.

Methods: Clinical and genomic data were collected from 5945 patients with lung cancers whose tumours underwent next-generation sequencing between 2015 and 2018. Patients were followed through 2020.