Publications by authors named "J Michalow"

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence globally, but information about trends and geographic variation is limited by sparse aetiologic studies, particularly among men. This systematic review assessed chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis prevalence by sex, sub-region, and year, and estimated male-to-female prevalence ratios for SSA.

Methods: We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, and African Index Medicus for studies measuring STI prevalence among general populations from January 1, 2000, to September 17, 2024.

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Article Synopsis
  • This systematic review evaluated the causes of vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, and genital ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the reliance on syndromic management due to lack of aetiologic diagnostics.
  • It analyzed data from 206 reports across 32 countries, finding that candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydia were the leading causes of vaginal discharge, while gonorrhea dominated urethral infections.
  • The study revealed consistent patterns in aetiological factors across regions, though HIV status and age influenced diagnosis, and noted a significant trend over time in causes, especially for genital ulcers.
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Malignant tumors are the second most common cause of death worldwide. More attention is being paid to the link between the body's impaired oxidoreductive balance and cancer incidence. Much attention is being paid to polyphenols derived from plants, as one of their properties is an antioxidant character: the ability to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chelate specific metal ions, modulate signaling pathways affecting inflammation, and raise the level and activity of antioxidant enzymes while lowering those with oxidative effects.

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Background: In settings without etiologic testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), programs rely on STI symptom data to inform priorities. To evaluate whether self-reported STI symptoms in household surveys consistently represent the STI burden, we compared symptomatic infection rates between survey self-reporting and health facility case reporting in Malawi.

Methods: We analyzed self-reported symptoms and treatment seeking in the past year among sexually active adults from 4 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys between 2000 and 2015.

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Background: Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in South African children, accounting for approximately 20% of under-five deaths. Though progress has been made in scaling up multiple interventions to reduce diarrhoea in the last decade, challenges still remain. In this paper, we model the cost and impact of scaling up 13 interventions to prevent and treat childhood diarrhoea in South Africa.

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