Calculating Apparent p Values of Ionizable Lipids in Lipid Nanoparticles.

Creating new ionizable lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is an active field of research. One of the critical properties for selecting suitable ionizable lipids is the apparent p value of the lipid as formulated in an LNP. We have developed a structure-based, computational methodology for the prediction of the apparent p value of ionizable lipids within LNPs and have tested it using the lipid formulations in the mRNA LNP COVID-19 vaccines COMIRNATY and Spikevax, and the siRNA LNP therapeutic Onpattro.

Spinal deformity in a whale shark, Rhincodon typus (Smith 1828), encountered in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with notes on its movement patterns.

This note details the first formal report of a spinal deformation in whale sharks, Rhincodon typus. An individual whale shark with suspected kypholordoscoliosis was observed at Ewing Bank in the Gulf of Mexico during aggregation events in 2010 and 2013. Despite the significant deformity, the shark was observed feeding on fish eggs at the surface during both encounters.

Making Waves: A justice-centred framework for wastewater-based public health surveillance.

Since 2020 wastewater-based surveillance has quickly been established as an effective and cost-efficient tool for monitoring public health. In this Making Waves article, we argue that these programs must be grounded in principles of justice to achieve global water and health equity. Ethics initiatives to date have focused primarily on privacy, legality, and institutionalised research reviews, often, if not exclusively, in North America and Western Europe.

A polygenic score for height identifies an unmeasured genetic predisposition among pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature.

Background: A subset of children with short stature do not have an identified clinical explanation and are assigned a diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS). We hypothesized that a polygenic score for height (PGS) could identify children with ISS who have an unrecognized heritable predisposition to shorter height.

Methods: We examined 534 pediatric participants in an EHR-linked DNA biobank (BioVU) who had undergone an evaluation for short stature by an endocrinologist.

Sexual Trauma, Polygenic Scores, and Mental Health Diagnoses and Outcomes.

Importance: Leveraging real-world clinical biobanks to investigate the associations between genetic and environmental risk factors for mental illness may help direct clinical screening efforts and evaluate the portability of polygenic scores across environmental contexts.

Objective: To examine the associations between sexual trauma, polygenic liability to mental health outcomes, and clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in a clinical biobank setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This genetic association study was conducted using clinical and genotyping data from 96 002 participants across hospital-linked biobanks located at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee (including 58 262 individuals with high genetic similarity to the 1000 Genomes Project [1KG] Northern European from Utah reference population [1KG-EU-clustered] and 11 047 with high genetic similarity to the 1KG African-ancestry reference population of Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria [1KG-YRI-clustered]), and Mass General Brigham (MGB), Boston, Massachusetts (26 693 individuals with high genetic similarity to the combined European-ancestry superpopulation [1KG-EU-clustered]).