Advantages and challenges of using allogeneic vs. autologous sources for neuronal cell replacement in Parkinson's disease: insights from non-human primate studies.

Intracerebral grafting of dopamine-producing cells is proposed as a strategy to replace the typical neurons lost to Parkinson's disease (PD) and improve the typical PD motor symptoms. Non-human primate studies have provided clues on the relationship between host's immune response and grafting success. Herein, we discuss how the host's immune system differentially affects the graft depending on the origin of the cells and reflect on the advantages and limitations of the immune paradigms utilized to assess graft-related outcomes.

Reducing physical assaults on residents through implementation of project BETA: Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of agitation.

Background And Objectives: We created a multitude of initiatives that were in line with the principles of the BETA (Best Practices in the Evaluation and Treatment of Agitation) guidelines to determine if these initiatives would reduce the physical assault rate by patients on emergency medicine (EM) residents.

Methods: We conducted three cross-sectional surveys of our EM residents (PGY-1 to -3) to determine the incidence of physical assaults by agitated patients at a large county hospital emergency department. These were primarily anonymous REDCap surveys and were administered at the following intervals: (1) pre-BETA initiative implementation, (2) approximately 12 months after implementation, and (3) 5 years postimplementation.

Friction of osteoarthritic cartilage with patient-specific synovial fluid: Effect of different loading conditions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to quantify the friction coefficients of degenerated human cartilage lubricated with patient-specific synovial fluid under four different loading regimes in order to identify those regimes that cause the highest friction.

Method: Lateral tibial plateaus and synovial fluid samples were obtained from six patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Friction tests were performed on cylindrical samples using an established cartilage against glass tribometer.

Telecoupling cannot be ignored for the forest-based carbon market.

Telecoupling interactions between social-ecological systems across large, often global distances drive negative impacts from the forest-based carbon market. However, these negative impacts have been underreported and, therefore, have likely been vastly underestimated. We identify how these unintended negative impacts may occur and provide recommendations for the forest-based carbon market to better account for externalities by prioritizing positive social impact, expanding comprehensive ecological outcomes, and improving the transparency of investments.