Reduced cyclosporine absorption preceded acute allograft rejection in a child with a liver transplant.

This case report correlates impaired cyclosporine absorption from the traditional oral formulation in a 9-year-old liver transplant recipient with subsequent acute allograft rejection. Although impaired absorption in this patient was documented by cyclosporine pharmacokinetic profiling (steady-state area under the cyclosporine concentration-time curve or AUC), no indication was evident from the pre-dose cyclosporine trough level, which was within the typical target range of blood concentrations. However, when the subject received the microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine the AUC value reflected an adequate absorption pattern.

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of a long half-life drug: contributions of mathematical modeling.

A mathematical model was found that consistently described diverse pharmacokinetic data for a development compound from three pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers and two efficacy and safety studies in patients. The model provided: quantification of demographic and random sources of pharmacokinetic variability; estimation of important pharmacokinetic parameters from sparse data; and explanation of observed patterns of pharmacokinetic response.

The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose terbinafine in young and elderly healthy subjects.

Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for terbinafine were assessed in 15 elderly and 15 young healthy subjects randomized to receive 250 mg Lamisil once daily for 15 d in a two-period, two-treatment, two-sequence, crossover (fed versus fasted) design within age groups. On each treatment day except days 8 and 15, subjects took Lamisil with food at 8:00 a.m.

Description of blood pressure changes in patients beginning cyclosporin A therapy.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) is the primary immunosuppressive agent for the prophylaxis of rejection episodes in renal, cardiac, liver, and other transplants. Recently, its use in autoimmune diseases has been investigated as well. Although several studies have produced promising results, nephrotoxicity and hypertension can result from CyA treatment, and their development must be understood in order to facilitate patient management.