A semi dynamic digestion study of milk protein concentrate dispersions structured with different polysaccharides.

Hydrocolloids are often added as functional ingredients in foods, to better design the structure of the matrix and ensure food quality and optimal sensory properties. However, much less is known about their influence on the physical and chemical changes during gastric digestion. In this study, semi-continuous gastric digestion was applied on a model food system, prepared with milk protein concentrate (MPC) (3% w/v) and 1% alginate, pectin, guar gum, as well as a 1:1 mixture of alginate and pectin.

Biochemical and physiological properties of a novel series of long-acting insulin analogs obtained by acylation with cholic acid derivatives.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the suitability of insulin analogs acylated by various cholic acid derivatives for use as basal insulin, and to test the most promising of these, LysB29(Nepsilon-lithocholyl-gamma-Glu) des(B30) human insulin (NN344) in pigs.

Methods: Circular dichroism spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography were used to explore the physicochemical properties of the analogs, and affinities for albumin and insulin receptors were determined. After subcutaneous injection in pigs, disappearance half-times were measured, and the plasma profile and glucose-lowering effect in a euglycemic clamp were assessed for NN344.

Reversible insulin self-assembly under carbohydrate control.

Insulin with built-in pairs of boronates and polyols can produce soluble high molecular weight self-assemblies under control by carbohydrates. The illustrated principle has potential utility for general protein and peptide protraction and controlled drug release.

Insulins with built-in glucose sensors for glucose responsive insulin release.

Derivatization of insulin with phenylboronic acids is described, thereby equipping insulin with novel glucose sensing ability. It is furthermore demonstrated that such insulins are useful in glucose-responsive polymer-based release systems. The preferred phenylboronic acids are sulfonamide derivatives, which, contrary to naïve boronic acids, ensure glucose binding at physiological pH, and simultaneously operate as handles for insulin derivatization at LysB29.

The mechanism of protraction of insulin detemir, a long-acting, acylated analog of human insulin.

Purpose: Insulin detemir has been found in clinical trials to be absorbed with very low variability. A series of experiments were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The disappearance from an injected subcutaneous depot and elimination studies in plasma were carried out in pigs.