Determination of Reference Values of MDR-ABC Transporter Activities in CD3+ Lymphocytes of Healthy Volunteers Using a Flow Cytometry Based Method.

Background: MDR transporters are important biomarkers of drug resistance in cancer and in autoimmune conditions. We determined the MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP activity in CD3+ lymphocytes using a flow cytometry based method from 120 healthy volunteers in order to describe normal reference values of the activity of these transporters. The effects of gender and age were also determined.

Differential sensitivity of the species of Candida parapsilosis sensu lato complex against statins.

Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis are human fungal pathogens with clinical importance. The recently reclassified three closely related species have significant variation in virulence, clinical prevalence and susceptibility characteristics to different antifungal compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of atorvastatin and fluvastatin against C.

MDR-ABC transporters: biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis.

MDR-ABC transporters are widely expressed in cell types relevant to pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Many reports demonstrate the interaction of small molecule drugs with MDR-ABC transporters. Cell-based assays for disease relevant cell types can be easily gated and could reveal specific drug targets and may increase significance and utilisation of data in clinical practice.

ABCG2 modulates chlorothiazide permeability--in vitro-characterization of its interactions.

We are showing that chlorothiazide, a diuretic, is an ABCG2 substrate. It is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System/Biopharmaceutics Drug Distribution and Classification System (BCS/BDDCS) Class IV drug with low bioavailability. Therefore, we tested if chlorothiazide interacts with major apically located intestinal efflux transporters.

Characterization of two different toxins of Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Pichia anomala) VKM Y-159.

Wickerhamomyces anomalus VKM Y-159 strain produces two types of toxin designated as WAKT a and WAKT b, encoded by chromosomal genes. The WAKT a toxin is heat-labile, pronase sensitive acting in pH range 3-4 affecting on several yeasts including pathogenic Candida species while the WAKT b toxin is protease- and thermo-resistant, acting in pH range 3-7 on two species, Candida alai and Candida norvegica. The rapid decrease of the number of viable cells after toxin treatment demonstrates that both toxins have cytocidic effect.