Energy Drink Consumption Among Physically Active Polish Adolescents: Gender and Age-Specific Public Health Issue.

Objectives: To analyse the consumption of energy drinks (EDs) and the motives for their consumption among physically active adolescents in Poland.

Methods: A nationwide survey study was conducted in 1,530 adolescents (10-14 years old) participating in extracurricular, organised sports activities. A computer-assisted web interview method was applied.

Reference values for respiratory muscle strength measured with the S-Index Test in well-trained athletes, e-sports athletes and age-matched controls.

Respiratory function assessment is crucial in optimizing athletic performance, safeguarding respiratory health, and ensuring athletes can perform at their peak potential while minimizing the risk of respiratory-related issues. The S-Index Test is a dynamic evaluation of respiratory muscle strength. However, no comprehensive reference values regarding the S-Index Test have been reported yet.

Predicting Future Athletic Performance in Young Female Road Cyclists Based on Aerobic Fitness and Hematological Variables.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the initial levels of aerobic fitness and hematological variables in young female road cyclists are related to their athletic performance development during their careers.

Methods: Results of graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) measurements were analyzed in 34 female road cyclists (age 18.6 [1.

The Relationship between Bone Health Parameters, Vitamin D and Iron Status, and Dietary Calcium Intake in Young Males.

Vitamin D, calcium, and iron are micronutrients crucial for bone health. However, their effect has been studied primarily in the cortical bone, with vitamin D status being assessed mainly from the total 25(OH)D serum fraction. The study aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D (total and free fraction) and iron status (i.

Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers.

The effect of strenuous exercise on sleep patterns in swimmers is equivocal. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to describe possible changes in sleep parameters among elite swimmers subjected to different training loads (TL). Methods: Eighteen elite swimmers (8 females) were monitored across two high-volume preparatory 1-wk periods (P1, P2) and a lower-volume tapering 1-wk period (P3) before a major competition.