Systems thinking-informed and data-driven urban decarbonisation framework for individual, community and urban scale climate action.

There is an urgent need to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, although human activity is a primary driver of emissions, a knowledge gap remains in terms of the key individual and collective drivers of emissions, and on how to harmonise citizen-led climate action with top-down emissions mitigation policy. In response to this, an urban decarbonisation framework which was informed by systems thinking was developed to support multi-level climate action and decision making. Another aim was to demonstrate the integration of a data-driven and activity-based GHG emissions model for individuals into the framework to enable decarbonisation.

Estimation of the health economic benefit of widening pulmonary rehabilitation uptake and completion.

Increasing uptake and completion of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in people with COPD has the potential to deliver health benefit and reduce health inequalities. We have quantified the cost-effectiveness of enhancing PR access and completion by reviewing the cost-effectiveness literature for PR in COPD. A literature review identified studies that provided cost-effectiveness evidence for PR compared to no PR.

Estimating the cost due to resistance against antiretroviral therapies in individuals with HIV: Perspective of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has an impact on the cost of HIV care. This study aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with the first episode of drug resistance in individuals with HIV receiving first-line ART.

Methods: We developed a cost calculator to estimate the cost of drug resistance over a period of 12 months in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Bilateral tibial fractures associated with powered exoskeleton use in complete spinal cord injury - a case report & literature review.

Introduction: Powered robotic exoskeleton (PRE) physiotherapy programmes are a relatively novel frontier which allow patients with reduced mobility to engage in supported walking. Research is ongoing regarding their utility, risks, and benefits. This article describes the case of two fractures occurring in one patient using a PRE.