A 13,000-year history of vegetation and fire in a rare inland pine barrens: The Albany Pine Bush (Albany County, New York, USA).

Two radiocarbon-dated pollen and charcoal records from cores collected at Stump Pond and a wetland in suburban Albany County, New York, provide new insights into the environmental history of a unique inland pine barrens that is currently surrounded and threatened by urban development: the Albany Pine Bush (APB). The Stump Pond core shows that the pond formed roughly 13,000 years ago with the recession of glacial Lake Albany. From ca.

Nedocromil sodium and diphenhydramine HCl ameliorate exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in highly trained athletes.

Introduction: Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) has been observed in highly trained endurance athletes during near maximal exercise, which may be influenced by a histamine-mediated inflammatory response at the pulmonary capillary-alveolar membrane. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined whether the mast cell stabilizer nedocromil sodium (NS) and H -receptor antagonist diphenhydramine HCL (DH) would ameliorate EIAH and mitigate the drop in arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (S O ) during intensive exercise.

Methods: Seven highly trained male cross country runners (age, 21 ± 2 years; V̇O , 74.

Hydroclimatic and cultural instability in northeastern North America during the last millennium.

Long-term, large-scale perspectives are necessary for understanding climate variability and its effects on ecosystems and cultures. Tree ring records of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) have documented major hydroclimatic variability during the last millennium in the American West, but fewer continuous, high-resolution hydroclimate records of the MCA-LIA period are available for eastern North America, particularly during the transition from the MCA to the LIA (ca. A.

Variation in Heart-Rate Profile During a Prolonged, Submaximal Swim Bout.

Purpose: To describe the heart-rate (HR) response during a prolonged, submaximal, multirepetition swimming bout (ie, typical early-season swimming training), as there is currently little or no literature on this topic.

Methods: A total of 12 collegiate swimmers were instructed to complete sixty 91.4-m (100-yd) freestyle repetitions at their fastest sustainable pace, allowing between 5 and 10 seconds of rest between repetitions.

Swimmers' Compliance to Training as a Function of Observation: A Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Adherence to prescribed training intensity (i.e., swim speed) has been conveyed as a key parameter regarding improvements in seasonal performance.