Interaction between the gut microbiota and colonic enteroendocrine cells regulates host metabolism.

Nutrient handling is an essential function of the gastrointestinal tract. Hormonal responses of small intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) have been extensively studied but much less is known about the role of colonic EECs in metabolic regulation. To address this core question, we investigated a mouse model deficient in colonic EECs.

Evolution of filiform polyposis from classical pseudopolyposis in a pediatric ulcerative colitis patient.

Filiform polyposis (FP) is a morphologic variant of pseudopolyposis associated with inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, namely, inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatric cases are uncommon in the literature. Here, we present a pediatric patient with FP arising from ulcerative colitis (UC).

An enteroendocrine-microbial axis in the large intestine controls host metabolism.

Nutrient handling is an essential function of the gastrointestinal tract. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine and is coordinated by hormone-producing intestinal epithelial cells known as enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In contrast, the colon mostly reclaims water and electrolytes, and handles the influx of microbially-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA).

Bioavailability of the tumor necrosis factor alpha/regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) biosystem inside the gestational sac during the pre-immune stages of embryo development.

Objectives: studies of the bioavailability of major components of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) biosystem inside the gestational sac during embryogenesis have not been reported. We sought to determine the concentration of TNFα, soluble (s) TNFα receptors (sTNFR1, sTNFR2), and RANTES in the primate extraembryonic celomic fluid (ECF).

Methods: A validated timed-pregnant baboon animal model (N: 10) for experimental research in pregnancy was used to collect paired maternal blood and ECF samples in ongoing pregnancies.