New insight into the molecular etiopathogenesis of konzo: Cyanate could be a plausible neurotoxin contributing to konzo, contrary to thiocyanate.

Introduction: Chronic cassava-derived cyanide poisoning is associated with the appearance of konzo, a tropical spastic paraparesis due to selective upper motor neuron damage. Whether the disease is caused by a direct action of cyanide or its metabolites is still an open question. This preliminary study assessed the neurotoxic effects of thiocyanate (SCN) and cyanate (OCN), two cyanide metabolites hypothesized to be plausible toxic agents in konzo.

Safe and efficient practice of parenteral nutrition in neonates and children aged 0-18 years - The role of licensed multi-chamber bags.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is recognized as a complex high-risk therapy. Its practice is highly variable and frequently suboptimal in pediatric patients. Optimizing care requires evidence, consensus-based guidelines, audits of practice, and standardized strategies.

Surgical Outcomes in Uveitic Glaucoma: Long-Term Evaluation of Trabeculectomy, Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy, Ex-PRESS Shunt and Ahmed Glaucoma Valve. A 3-Year Follow-Up Study.

Purpose: Uveitis can lead to secondary glaucoma, a condition with challenging management that can carry irreversible visual loss. Filtering surgery has demonstrated a higher failure rate, increased incidence of postoperative complications and reinterventions in uveitic patients. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach for uveitic glaucoma (UG) due to limited data comparing various intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering surgeries.

Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of deep endometriosis affecting sacral plexus.

Objective: To describe the sonomorphological changes and appearance of deep endometriosis (DE) affecting the nervous tissue of the sacral plexus (SP).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of symptomatic patients who underwent radical resection of histologically confirmed DE affecting the SP and who had undergone preoperative transvaginal sonography (TVS) between 2019 and 2023. Lesions were described based on the terms and definitions of the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA), International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) and Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) groups.

Dopamine-mediated striatal activity and function is enhanced in GlyRα2 knockout animals.

The glycine receptor alpha 2 (GlyRα2) is a ligand-gated ion channel which upon activation induces a chloride conductance. Here, we investigated the role of GlyRα2 in dopamine-stimulated striatal cell activity and behavior. We show that depletion of GlyRα2 enhances dopamine-induced increases in the activity of putative dopamine D1 receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons, but does not alter midbrain dopamine neuron activity.