Publications by authors named "J M Reuben"

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize medical training, diagnostics, treatment planning, and healthcare delivery while also bringing challenges such as data privacy, the risk of technological overreliance, and the preservation of critical thinking. This manuscript explores the impact of AI and Machine Learning (ML) on healthcare interactions, focusing on faculty, students, clinicians, and patients. AI and ML's early inclusion in the medical curriculum will support student-centered learning; however, all stakeholders will require specialized training to bridge the gap between medical practice and technological innovation.

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Cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) are rare, gigantic, and atypical circulating cells found exclusively in the peripheral blood of patients with solid cancers. Obesity-induced hypoxia attracts macrophages to the tumor microenvironment, where they contribute to establishing chronic inflammation, leading to cancer progression. We hypothesized that obese patients with advanced breast cancer may have CAML profiles different from those of nonobese patients, and these profiles may correlate with proinflammatory markers or other macrophage-related markers.

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Background: The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in older or unfit patients typically involves a regimen of venetoclax plus azacitidine (ven/aza). Toxicity and treatment responses are highly variable following treatment initiation and clinical decision-making continually evolves in response to these as treatment progresses. To improve clinical decision support (CDS) following treatment initiation, predictive models based on evolving and dynamic toxicities, disease responses, and other features should be developed.

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Article Synopsis
  • Anti-HER2 therapies like trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) have improved outcomes for patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer, but resistance to these treatments poses a significant challenge without established follow-up therapies.
  • The study examined genetic changes in breast cancer patients after anti-HER2 therapy and developed resistant cancer cell lines to explore mechanisms of resistance and identify potential targets to boost the effectiveness of T-DXd.
  • It was discovered that resistance might occur due to reduced HER2 expression and increased activity of DNA repair genes, suggesting that targeting DNA repair pathways could enhance the efficacy of T-DXd in resistant cases.
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Article Synopsis
  • A phase II trial tested the effectiveness of pembrolizumab, an immunotherapy drug, as maintenance treatment for patients with metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer after initial chemotherapy.
  • Out of 43 patients, the study found a 4-month disease control rate of 58.1% and a median progression-free survival of 4.8 months, indicating some success with the treatment.
  • The results suggested that patients with higher T-cell clonality at the start of treatment experienced longer progression-free survival, highlighting the potential importance of this biomarker in predicting treatment outcomes.
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