Dual orexin receptor antagonists as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

We examine the relationship between sleep, glymphatics and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recent work questioning glymphatic clearance during sleep. We highlight a need for understanding glymphatic and/or other mechanism of clearance during sleep, and review glymphatic flow measurement methods. Further, we explore dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) potential to mitigate AD sleep disturbances and enhance clearance.

Enhancement of growth and ferrous iron oxidation rates of T. Ferrooxidans by electrochemical reduction of ferric iron.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, the bacterium most widely used; in bioleaching or microbial desulfurization studies, was grown in an electrolytic bioreactor containing a synthetic, ferrous sulfate medium. Passage of current through the medium reduced the bacterially generated ferric iron to the ferrous iron substrate. When used in conjunction with an inoculum that had been adapted to the electrolytic growth conditions, this technique increased the protein (cell) concentration by 3.

Electrophoretic control of concentration polarization in membrane plasmapheresis.

Membrane plasmapheresis is the separation of plasma from whole blood using microfiltration membranes. A major operating problem of membrane plasmapheresis is concentration polarization, the buildup of retained cells or solutes on the membrane surface. In this study, an electric field was used to control concentration polarization by transporting the negatively charged cells and solutes away from the membrane surface.