Freestanding Emergency Departments Are Associated With Higher Medicare Costs: A Longitudinal Panel Data Analysis.

The number of freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs) is growing rapidly in the United States. Proponents of FSEDs cite potential benefits of FSEDs including lower waiting time and reduced travel distance for needed emergency care. Others have suggested that increased access to emergency care may lead to an increase in the use of emergency departments for lower acuity patients, resulting in higher overall health care expenditures.

Contextual factors associated with hospitals' decision to operate freestanding emergency departments.

Background: Freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs) are fast growing entities in health care, delivering emergency care outside of hospitals. Hospitals may benefit in several ways by opening FSEDs.

Purpose: The study used the resource dependence theory as a means to analyze the relationship between market and organizational factors and the likelihood of hospitals to operate FSEDs.

Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease.

It is believed that caffeine attenuates the coronary hyperemic response to adenosine by blocking the A2a receptors. We studied the effect of caffeine on adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia measured by fractional flow reserve after intracoronary adenosine administration. Fractional flow reserve was not affected by intravenous caffeine infusion at a dose that was comparable to oral consumption.