Increased β-glucosidase production and its application in agroindustrial residue hydrolysis: A research based on experimental designs.

β-Glucosidases are a limiting factor in the conversion of cellulose to glucose for the subsequent ethanol production. Here, β-glucosidase production by was optimized using Composite Central Designs and Response Surface Methodologies from a medium designed. The coefficient of determination ( ) was 0.

Power of Judgment: The Significance of Kant's Philosophy for the Medical System Today.

The ways of thinking in the manufacturing sciences are increasingly determining the rationality within medicine as a practical or action-based science. This "technological paradigm" infiltrates the field of medicine with the promise of increasing efficiency while simultaneously improving quality at various points in the system. Simple linear causal relationships generally need to be taken into account when manufacturing products.

The variable monoaminergic outcomes of cleaner fish brains when facing different social and mutualistic contexts.

The monoamines serotonin and dopamine are important neuromodulators present in the central nervous system, known to be active regulators of social behaviour in fish as in other vertebrates. Our aim was to investigate the region-specific brain monoaminergic differences arising when individual cleaners face a client (mutualistic context) compared to when they are introduced to another conspecific (conspecific context), and to understand the relevance of visual assessment compared to the impact of physical contact with any partner. We demonstrated that serotoninergic activity at the diencephalon responds mostly to the absence of physical contact with clients whereas cerebellar dopaminergic activity responds to actual cleaning engagement.

Monoaminergic levels at the forebrain and diencephalon signal for the occurrence of mutualistic and conspecific engagement in client reef fish.

Social interactions are commonly found among fish as in mammals and birds. While most animals interact socially with conspecifics some however are also frequently and repeatedly observed to interact with other species (i.e.

Estradiol shapes mutualistic behaviour of female cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus - Valenciennes, 1839): Potential implications of environmental disturbance.

The presence of endocrine-derived compounds in the environment occurs due to a myriad of human or industrial activity and can disrupt the endocrine system of animals, including fish. One important group of endocrine disruptors are the estrogens, such as 17-β estradiol (E, estradiol). Estrogens are gonadal steroid hormones, able to be influential even in small concentrations.