Thinking about default enrollment lowers vaccination intentions and public support in G7 countries.

Policymakers often face a conundrum between being transparent about policies and ensuring that those policies are effective. This challenge is particularly relevant for behavioral nudges, which are not usually disclosed. Rather than avoiding transparency, we suggest that policymakers encourage citizens to reflect on nudges to help them understand their own views and align those views with their behaviors.

Public support for more stringent vaccine policies increases with vaccine effectiveness.

Under what conditions do citizens support coercive public policies? Although recent research suggests that people prefer policies that preserve freedom of choice, such as behavioural nudges, many citizens accepted stringent policy interventions like fines and mandates to promote vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic-a pattern that may be linked to the unusually high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted a large online survey experiment (N = 42,417) in the Group of Seven (G-7) countries investigating the relationship between a policy's effectiveness and public support for stringent policies. Our results indicate that public support for stringent vaccination policies increases as vaccine effectiveness increases, but at a modest scale.

Interferon lambda rs368234815 ΔG/ΔG is associated with higher CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio in treated HIV-1 infection.

Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between polymorphisms at the interferon lambda (IFNL) locus and CD4:CD8 ratio normalisation in people living with HIV (PLWH) on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART); and to examine whether these polymorphisms influence the composition of T lymphocyte compartments in long-term treated HIV-1 infection.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in PLWH enrolled into the Mater Immunology study. We performed IFNL genotyping on stored samples and evaluated the association of IFNL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs368234815 and rs12979860) with CD4:CD8 ratio normalization (> 1) and expanded CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets; CD45ROCD62L (central-memory), CD45RO CD62L(effector-memory) and CD45ROCD62L (naïve), using logistic and linear regression models, respectively.

Development of a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Surgery Fellowship.

With the rapidly changing landscape of medicine, physician assistants (PAs) have solidified their role as integral members of nearly every medical field. As PAs become leaders in smaller, more specialized fields, their duties encompass skills that they had not been exposed to in the broad, comprehensive, standard PA education. Consequently, participation in postgraduate PA education has rapidly expanded to keep up with the demand for additional training.