Uncovering genetic mimics in multiple sclerosis: A single-center clinical exome sequencing study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) shares clinical/radiological features with several monogenic diseases that can mimic MS.

Objective: We aimed to determine if exome sequencing can identify monogenic diseases in patients diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria thus uncovering them as being misdiagnosed.

Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 278 patients with MS, clinically or radiologically isolated syndrome without cerebrospinal fluid-specific oligoclonal bands (CSF-OCBs) (n = 228), a positive family history of MS (n = 44), or both (n = 6), thereby focusing on individuals potentially more likely to have underlying monogenic conditions mimicking MS.

Prediction of Educational Attainment and Occupational Functioning in Young Adults With a Childhood Diagnosis of ADHD: Results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study.

Objective: This longitudinal study examined early predictors of educational attainment and occupational functioning in adults with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Participants ( = 70) of the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study were diagnosed with ADHD and received adaptive multimodal ADHD treatment during childhood. They were then followed through adolescence into adulthood.

Predicting delinquent behavior in young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD: results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate which factors predict lifetime reports of delinquent behavior in young adults who had received adaptive multimodal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starting at ages 6-10 years. Participants were reassessed 13-24 years (M = 17.6, SD = 1.

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Grown Up: An 18-Year Follow-Up after Multimodal Treatment.

Objective: ADHD treatment has positive effects on behavioral symptoms and psychosocial functioning, but studies that follow children treated for ADHD into adulthood are rare.

Method: This follow-up study assessed symptom severity and functional outcomes of adults ( = 70) who had received individualized ADHD treatment in the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study at ages 6 to 10 years.

Results: Despite symptomatic improvement, participants reported poorer educational and occupational outcomes than expected (e.

On the spatial foundations of the conceptual system and its enrichment.

A theory of how concept formation begins is presented that accounts for conceptual activity in the first year of life, shows how increasing conceptual complexity comes about, and predicts the order in which new types of information accrue to the conceptual system. In a compromise between nativist and empiricist views, it offers a single domain-general mechanism that redescribes attended spatiotemporal information into an iconic form. The outputs of this mechanism consist of types of spatial information that we know infants attend to in the first months of life.