Unveiling immune resistance mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and emerging targets for antitumor immune response: tertiary lymphoid structures.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy in China, commonly associated with undifferentiated cell types and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The presence of intense lymphocytic infiltration and elevated expression of programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) in NPC highlights its potential for immunotherapy, yet current treatment outcomes remain suboptimal. In this review, we explore the tumor microenvironment of NPC to better understand the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy, evaluate current therapeutic strategies, and pinpoint emerging targets, such as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), that could enhance treatment outcomes and prognostic accuracy.

A response time-based mixture item response theory model for dynamic item-response strategies.

Educational researchers have a long-lasting interest in the strategies examinees employ when responding to items in an assessment. Mixture item response theory (IRT) modeling is a popular class of approaches to studying examinees' item-response strategies. In the present study, we introduce a response time (RT)-based mixture IRT model for flexible modeling of examinee-and-item-specific item-response strategies.

Increased respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations and ambulatory visits in very preterm infants in the first year of life following discontinuation of access to palivizumab.

Background: From 2002 to 2023, palivizumab was the only intervention to reduce RSV-associated hospitalizations in high-risk infants in Canada, but advances in RSV prevention are drastically changing this landscape. Eligibility criteria for this monoclonal antibody for preterm infants varied over time across each of 10 Canadian provinces and 3 territories. The national professional pediatric association (Canadian Paediatric Society) revised its eligibility recommendations in 2015, removing access for preterm infants 30 to 32 weeks gestation (WG).

Litchi flower essential oil (LFEO) restores intestinal health in lipid disorder Caenorhabditis elegans.

Maintaining lipid homeostasis is important for intestinal and body health. Litchi flower essential oil (LFEO), mainly containing 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, α-Curcumene, Gamma.-Sitosterol, α-linolenic acid, β-Bisabolene and n-Hexadecanoic acid, has been demonstrated significant anti-obesity activity.

Unraveling the effectiveness of new media teaching strategies in pharmacology education under different educational backgrounds: Insights from 6447 students.

Background: Despite increasing studies underscoring the effectiveness of new media teaching strategies in pharmacology education, the influence of different educational backgrounds is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new media teaching under various educational backgrounds in pharmacology education using network meta-analysis.

Methods: Literature databases were searched from their inception to 28 February 2024 for eligible trials.