Antigenicity evaluation of the synthetic trisaccharides related to Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype O51 O-antigen containing an acetamidino group.

Bacterial surface polysaccharides are widely decorated with diverse rare functional groups. An understanding of the role of these functional groups in immunological activity of the glycans is required for the development of carbohydrate-based treatment against bacterial infectious diseases. Here, the antigenicity evaluation of synthetic trisaccharide 1 related to Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype O51 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen and its acetamido derivative 2 was achieved to elucidate the immunological importance of O-antigen structure.

Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of Asaia bogorensis ATCC BAA-21 lipopolysaccharide.

Asaia bogorensis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from flowers and fruits growing in tropical climate, reproductive system of mosquitoes, and rarely from immunocompromised patients. In Europe, A. bogorensis is responsible for the contamination of flavoured mineral waters.

Consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques.

Plants edited with new genomic techniques (NGTs) currently fall under the Genetically Modified Organisms Directive (2001/18/EC) in the European Union. In the proposal of the European Commission, NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this directive. The proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants: NGT-1 and NGT-2.

Optimization of the Extraction Conditions of Polyphenols from Red Clover L.) Flowers and Evaluation of the Antiradical Activity of the Resulting Extracts.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the type of extraction solution (water, different concentrations of ethanol), temperature and time on the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of red clover extracts and the effect of the addition of selected extracts on the antioxidant properties of enriched blackcurrant beverages. In both the extractions carried out under different conditions and in the enriched beverages, the content of selected polyphenols was determined by HPLC. This study confirmed the significant effect of the alcohol content of the extract, extraction time and temperature on the antioxidant properties of clover extracts.

Effects of Letrozole Treatment and Vitamin C Supplementation on Morphology, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Programmed Cell Death, and Oxidative Stress in the Small Intestine of Adult Male Rats.

Estrogens are hormones that play an important role in the digestive tract, including in men. Letrozole is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens. The use of letrozole may cause oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cells.