Medial prefrontal neuroplasticity during extended-release naltrexone treatment of opioid use disorder - a longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has been linked to macroscopic structural alterations in the brain. The monthly injectable, extended-release formulation of μ-opioid antagonist naltrexone (XR-NTX) is highly effective in reducing opioid craving and preventing opioid relapse. Here, we investigated the neuroanatomical effects of XR-NTX by examining changes in cortical thickness during treatment for OUD.

Natural vs. Surgical Postmenopause and Psychological Symptoms Confound the Effect of Menopause on Executive Functioning Domains of Cognitive Experience.

Objective: The menopause transition is associated with difficulties in executive function. However, it is unclear whether these difficulties persist past perimenopause. This study investigated whether potential confounders, including natural vs.

Application of glutamate weighted CEST in brain imaging of nicotine dependent participants in vivo at 7T.

Introduction: With nicotine dependence being a significant healthcare issue worldwide there is a growing interest in developing novel therapies and diagnostic aids to assist in treating nicotine addiction. Glutamate (Glu) plays an important role in cognitive function regulation in a wide range of conditions including traumatic brain injury, aging, and addiction. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging via ultra-high field MRI can image the exchange of certain saturated labile protons with the surrounding bulk water pool, making the technique a novel tool to investigate glutamate in the context of addiction.

Delayed effects of cigarette graphic warning labels on smoking behavior.

Introduction: Graphic warning labels (GWLs) are widely employed to communicate smoking-related health risks; however, their implementation in the US has been held back by concerns about their efficacy. Most GWLs elicit a high level of emotional reaction (ER). The extent to which ER contributes to GWLs efficacy in improving smoking outcomes is a subject of debate.