A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer.

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on "bystander" genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed.

Long-term surgical outcomes of esotropic duane retraction syndrome type 1.

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is complicated to treat due to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations and the treatment of choice varies among surgeons. To provide insight into this challenging condition, we evaluated the long-term surgical outcomes of esotropic DRS type 1. The surgical motor success, defined as a horizontal deviation of 8 prism diopters (PD) or less, was found in 77.

Suppressing Tymovirus replication in plants using a variant of ubiquitin.

RNA viruses have evolved numerous strategies to overcome host resistance and immunity, including the use of multifunctional proteases that not only cleave viral polyproteins during virus replication but also deubiquitinate cellular proteins to suppress ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated antiviral mechanisms. Here, we report an approach to attenuate the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus (TYMV) by suppressing the polyprotein cleavage and deubiquitination activities of the TYMV protease (PRO). Performing selections using a library of phage-displayed Ub variants (UbVs) for binding to recombinant PRO yielded several UbVs that bound the viral protease with nanomolar affinities and blocked its function.

THG-1/TSC22D4 promotes interleukin-1 signaling through stabilization of TRAF6 in squamous cell carcinoma.

Malignant neoplasms arise within a region of chronic inflammation caused by tissue injuries. Inflammation is a key factor involved in all aspects of tumorigenesis including initiation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays critical functions in tumor development with influencing the tumor microenvironment and promoting cancer progression.

Hyperspectral analysis to assess gametocytogenesis stage progression in malaria-infected human erythrocytes.

Significance: Developments of anti-gametocyte drugs have been delayed due to insufficient understanding of gametocyte biology. We report a systematic workflow of data processing algorithms to quantify changes in the absorption spectrum and cell morphology of single malaria-infected erythrocytes. These changes may serve as biomarkers instrumental for the future development of antimalarial strategies, especially for anti-gametocyte drug design and testing.