Publications by authors named "J M Hopkins"

Globally peatlands are laterally extensive and represent important stores and sinks of atmospheric carbon. The cold humid island hypothesis proposes that damaged peatlands can be distinguished from functioning peatlands by their relatively dark, bare, dry soils with resulting relatively high daytime and low night-time land surface temperatures. Contrasts in bare soil, vegetation cover and land surface temperature can be readily observed by satellite and so we propose that Earth observation, and the cold humid island hypothesis, can be used to survey, manage and monitor peatlands.

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Background: Health promotion for people with mild frailty has the potential to improve health outcomes, but such services are scarce in practice. We developed a personalised, home-based, behaviour change, health promotion intervention (HomeHealth) and assessed its clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in maintaining independent functioning in activities of daily living in older adults with mild frailty.

Methods: This trial was an individual, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial done in England.

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The increased prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) makes it imperative to disentangle the biological mechanisms contributing to individual differences in OUD vulnerability. OUD shows strong heritability, however genetic variants contributing to vulnerability remain poorly defined. We performed a genome-wide association study using over 850 male and female heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to identify genes underlying behaviors associated with OUD such as nociception, as well as heroin-taking, extinction and seeking behaviors.

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase individuals' risks of poor health across the life course. For children that suffer household-based ACEs, experiences in other settings such as schools have the potential to exacerbate or mitigate risks of poor health. However, few studies have examined such effects.

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The structures of RNA:RNA complexes regulate many biological processes. Despite their importance, protein-free RNA:RNA complexes represent a tiny fraction of experimentally determined structures. Here, we describe a joint small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) approach to structurally interrogate conformational changes in a model RNA:RNA complex.

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