Prostate cancer early detection program recruitment methods and show rates in men at high risk.

Purpose: Men with a family history of prostate cancer and black men are at higher risk for prostate cancer. Recruitment and retention of these men at high risk into early detection programs is challenging. We report a comprehensive analysis of recruitment methods, show rates and participant factors from the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program, a prospective, longitudinal prostate cancer screening study.

The effect of post-asphyxial reoxygenation with 21% vs. 100% oxygen on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in striatum of newborn piglets.

To compare the effect of 21% vs. 100% oxygen during post-asphyxial reoxygenation on brain cell membrane function in the striatum, 20 anesthetized, ventilated newborn piglets were studied: group 1 (normoxia, n = 5), group 2 (asphyxia, no reoxygenation, n = 5), group 3 (asphyxia followed by reoxygenation with 21% O2, n = 5), and group 4 (asphyxia followed by reoxygenation with 100% O2, n = 5). Asphyxia was induced by a stepwise reduction in FiO2 at 20 min intervals from 21% to 14%, 11%, and 8%.

Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during hypoxia in newborn piglets.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, was investigated for its effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cortical oxygen consumption during hypoxia in 9 anesthetized, ventilated newborn piglets. CBF was measured by radioactive microspheres while brain cortical metabolism was evaluated by continuous 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Five piglets were treated with NDGA (3 mg/kg i.

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during repeated asphyxias in newborn piglets: influence of theophylline.

The effect of theophylline on cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen transport, and energy metabolism was investigated during and following brief episodes of asphyxia. CBF was determined by microspheres during control, asphyxia, and recovery with reventilation after a single asphyxia (recovery I) and after 7 repeated asphyxias (recovery II). In addition, cerebral energy metabolism by 31P NMR spectroscopy and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in newborn piglets treated with 30 mg/kg theophylline (serum levels 22-25 micrograms/ml) were compared with nontreated piglets.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy following asphyxia.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy have added significant new information about the newborn brain during and following asphyxia. NMR imaging has permitted sequential in vivo analysis of CNS maturation in the perinatal period that is superior in anatomic resolution, and especially in the characterization of myelination, to either cranial ultrasound or radiographic computed tomography. As a result, the accurate detection and recognition of the brain lesions associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is now possible, including PVL, cerebral infarction, intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage, and delayed myelination.