Spectrum of errors in nodule detection and characterization using machine learning: A pictorial essay.

In academic and research settings, computer-aided nodule detection software has been shown to increase accuracy, efficiency, and throughput. However, radiologists need to be familiar with the spectrum of errors that can occur when these algorithms are employed in routine clinical settings. We review the spectrum of errors that may result from computer-aided nodule detection.

The effect of cancer and cancer treatment on attention control: evidence from anti-saccade performance.

Purpose: Cancer and cancer treatment have been associated with cognitive changes in survivorship, with forgetfulness and distractibility reported years post-treatment. Deficits in attention control may explain these difficulties. We assessed breast cancer survivors using a primary measure of attention control, the saccade/antisaccade task, to assess the effects of diagnosis and treatment.

Effects of Breast Cancer Treatment on Neural Noise: a Longitudinal Design.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction has been observed consistently in a subset of breast cancer survivors. Yet the precise neurophysiological origins of cancer-related cognitive decline remain unknown. The current study assessed neural noise (1/f activity in electroencephalogram [EEG]) in breast cancer survivors as a potential contributor to observed cognitive dysfunction from pre- to post-treatment.

New Therapies in Outpatient Pulmonary Medicine.

Newer medications and devices, as well as greater understanding of the benefits and limitations of existing treatments, have led to expanded treatment options for patients with lung disease. Treatment advances have led to improved outcomes for patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. The risks and benefits of available treatments are substantially variable within these heterogeneous disease groups.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Empowering children, young people and families through shared decision-making: a practical guide.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a collaborative approach to healthcare decision-making that involves patients and healthcare professionals working together to make decisions that are informed by the best available medical evidence, as well as the patient's values, preferences and goals. The importance of SDM and the intricate interplay among parents, children and young people (CYP), and healthcare professionals are increasingly acknowledged as the crucial aspects of delivering high-quality paediatric care. While there is a substantial evidence base for SDM improving knowledge and reducing decisional conflict, the evidence for long-term measures such as improved health outcomes is limited and mainly inconclusive.