Elemental and isotopic analysis of leaves predicts nitrogen-fixing phenotypes.

Nitrogen (N)-fixing symbiosis is critical to terrestrial ecosystems, yet possession of this trait is known for few plant species. Broader presence of the symbiosis is often indirectly determined by phylogenetic relatedness to taxa investigated via manipulative experiments. This data gap may ultimately underestimate phylogenetic, spatial, and temporal variation in N-fixing symbiosis.

The Effects of Herbarium Specimen Characteristics on Short-Read NGS Sequencing Success in Nearly 8000 Specimens: Old, Degraded Samples Have Lower DNA Yields but Consistent Sequencing Success.

Phylogenetic datasets are now commonly generated using short-read sequencing technologies unhampered by degraded DNA, such as that often extracted from herbarium specimens. The compatibility of these methods with herbarium specimens has precipitated an increase in broad sampling of herbarium specimens for inclusion in phylogenetic studies. Understanding which sample characteristics are predictive of sequencing success can guide researchers in the selection of tissues and specimens most likely to yield good results.

Climate, urbanization, and species traits interactively drive flowering duration.

A wave of green leaves and multi-colored flowers advances from low to high latitudes each spring. However, little is known about how flowering offset (i.e.

Limonene in Arizona liquid systems used in countercurrent chromatography. II Polarity and stationary-phase retention.

The previous article in this series described the physico-chemical properties and chemical compositions of the two phases of the limonene-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water biphasic liquid system. This system was designed to be a "green" version of the so-called Arizona (AZ) scale of heptane-ethyl acetate-methanol compositions in which the heptane-ethyl acetate volume ratio is exactly the same as the methanol-water ratio. The first major difference between the standard and "green" AZ systems is the difference in upper and lower phase densities.