Publications by authors named "J M Changalucha"
Article Synopsis
- About 60,000 people die from rabies caused by dogs annually, highlighting the need for effective vaccination campaigns, which have been limited by low coverage levels.
- A study in Tanzania compared team-based vaccination (annual clinics) to community-based vaccination (ongoing local management) and found the latter significantly improved vaccination coverage.
- Community-based strategies consistently achieved higher coverage rates (49-62%) compared to team-based methods (22-46%), indicating that decentralized vaccination efforts are more effective for controlling rabies.
The sex of people living with HIV-1 infection, schistosome infection, or both, is a fundamental determinant of their clinical outcomes and of how these two infections interact in the host. Data from longitudinal and cross-sectional human studies and animal models indicate that males with HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection excrete fewer schistosome eggs and might have higher HIV-1 RNA viral loads and greater liver damage. Females with schistosome infection appear to have higher risk of HIV-1 acquisition than females without, particularly in Schistosoma haematobium infection, and a greater risk of death in HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Rabies remains a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. However, human rabies deaths are rarely laboratory-confirmed or sequenced, especially in Africa. Five human rabies deaths from Tanzania and Kenya were investigated and the causative rabies viruses sequenced, with the aim of identifying implications for rabies control at individual, healthcare and societal levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium affects approximately 110 million people globally, with the majority of cases in low- and middle-income countries. Schistosome infections have been shown to impact the host immune system, gene expression, and microbiome composition. Studies have demonstrated variations in pathology between schistosome subspecies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Prospective data on the effectiveness of resistance testing in informing treatment decisions and outcomes in with first-line failure in these settings is limited. This study aimed to assess the virological impact of HIV drug-resistance testing in patients with virological failure in Tanzania.
Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or the experimental group.