Enhanced CH emissions from global wildfires likely due to undetected small fires.

Monitoring methane (CH) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is essential for assessing the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors leading to climate change and shaping global climate goals. Fires are a significant source of atmospheric CH, with the increasing frequency of megafires amplifying their impact. Global fire emissions exhibit large spatiotemporal variations, making the magnitude and dynamics difficult to characterize accurately.

Enhanced nitrous oxide emission factors due to climate change increase the mitigation challenge in the agricultural sector.

Effective nitrogen fertilizer management is crucial for reducing nitrous oxide (NO) emissions while ensuring food security within planetary boundaries. However, climate change might also interact with management practices to alter NO emission and emission factors (EFs), adding further uncertainties to estimating mitigation potentials. Here, we developed a new hybrid modeling framework that integrates a machine learning model with an ensemble of eight process-based models to project EFs under different climate and nitrogen policy scenarios.

Global nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890-2020: An IPCC tier 2 inventory.

Nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from livestock manure contribute significantly to the growth of atmospheric NO, a powerful greenhouse gas and dominant ozone-depleting substance. Here, we estimate global NO emissions from livestock manure during 1890-2020 using the tier 2 approach of the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Global NO emissions from livestock manure increased by ~350% from 451 [368-556] Gg N year in 1890 to 2042 [1677-2514] Gg N year in 2020.

Size, distribution, and vulnerability of the global soil inorganic carbon.

Global estimates of the size, distribution, and vulnerability of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) remain largely unquantified. By compiling 223,593 field-based measurements and developing machine-learning models, we report that global soils store 2305 ± 636 (±1 SD) billion tonnes of carbon as SIC over the top 2-meter depth. Under future scenarios, soil acidification associated with nitrogen additions to terrestrial ecosystems will reduce global SIC (0.