Targeting rapid TKI-induced AXL upregulation overcomes adaptive ERK reactivation and exerts antileukemic effects in FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with the FMS-related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) mutation have a poorer prognosis, and treatment with FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been hindered by resistance mechanisms. One such mechanism is known as adaptive resistance, in which downstream signaling pathways are reactivated after initial inhibition. Past work has shown that FLT3/ITD cells undergo adaptive resistance through the reactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling within 24 h of sustained FLT3 inhibition.

Identification and biophysical characterization of epitope atlas of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) have been a critical threat to swine health since 1987 due to its high mutation rate and substantial economic loss over half a billion dollar in USA. The rapid mutation rate of PRRSV presents a significant challenge in developing an effective vaccine. Even though surveillance and intervention studies have recently (2019) unveiled utilization of PRRSV glycoprotein 5 (GP5; encoded by gene) to induce immunogenic reaction and production of neutralizing antibodies in porcine populations, the future viral generations can accrue escape mutations.

Quantitative methods for optimizing patient outcomes in liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LT) is a lifesaving yet complex intervention with considerable challenges impacting graft and patient outcomes. Despite best practices, 5-year graft survival is only 70%. Sophisticated quantitative techniques offer potential solutions by assimilating multifaceted data into insights exceeding human cognition.

Aligning the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) histology groupings with current definitions.

Background: The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) uses a histology grouping model based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications to group records for clinically relevant statistical reporting. Newly identified genetic markers more accurately stratify patients than histology alone and were incorporated into the 2016 update to the WHO Classification.

Methods: CBTRUS and consulting neuropathologists reviewed and aligned histology groupings with the 2016 WHO update.