Publications by authors named "J M Bastin"
Article Synopsis
- * Analysis of data from over 1 million forest plots and thousands of tree species shows that wood density varies significantly by latitude, being up to 30% denser in tropical forests compared to boreal forests, and is influenced mainly by temperature and soil moisture.
- * The research also finds that disturbances like human activity and fire alter wood density at local levels, affecting forest carbon stock estimates by up to 21%, emphasizing the importance of understanding environmental impacts on forest ecosystems.
The ability to switch between rules associating stimuli and responses depend on a circuit including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, the precise neural implementations of switching remain unclear. To address this issue, we recorded local field potentials from the STN and from the dmPFC of neuropsychiatric patients during behavioral switching.
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- Neural activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior insula (aIns) is linked to economic decision-making and confidence, but their causal relationships were previously unclear.
- By using intracranial electrical stimulation data from epilepsy patients engaged in an economic choice task, researchers found that stimulation effects on decision-making varied based on the specific brain region targeted along a dorso-ventral axis.
- Stimulation of the ventral aIns decreased risk-taking by heightening sensitivity to losses, while stimulation in the dorsal aIns and ventral vmPFC increased risk-taking by diminishing loss sensitivity; additionally, aIns stimulation lowered participants' confidence regardless of the precise area stimulated.
How human prefrontal and insular regions interact while maximizing rewards and minimizing punishments is unknown. Capitalizing on human intracranial recordings, we demonstrate that the functional specificity toward reward or punishment learning is better disentangled by interactions compared to local representations. Prefrontal and insular cortices display non-selective neural populations to rewards and punishments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCachexia is a systemic wasting condition associated to advanced phases of many cancers, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. It is mainly characterized by involuntary weight loss due to muscle wasting often associated with loss of adipose tissue, possibly leading to inanition and death, without treatment to date. Symptomatology covers a complex array of disorders (fatigue, inflammation, pain, anorexia, depression) related to multisystemic impairments progressively affecting numerous organs and tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, brain, immune system, gastrointestinal tract).
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